Introduction, Eduardo Silva
- Transnationalism has multilevel charactersitics....national level shapes internal level, adn vice versa (2)
- see lots of deeply rooted local activities and activists that get involved (at times rather hevily) in transtional politics, but the focus is almost always on the national level (target is national government) (9)
- Sikkink (2005) (11) set ups 4 types of transnational interaction, based on oppenness of political targets
- international closed + national closed = activism discouraged
- international open + national closed = boomerang transnationalism
- international closed + national open ="democratic deficit", where int'l institutions (IMF, e.g.) not open to democracy), activists look to state for protection from int'l
- international open + national open = insider/outsider cooperation, transnationalism is often a secondary tactic
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