in Levitsky, Steven, and Kenneth M. Roberts. 2011. The resurgence of the Latin American left. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Based on Latinobarimetro survey
- Big conclusions:
- No mass-level shift to the left of voters in LA (32)
- citizens see current wealth distribution as a problem, but also don't seem to be more unhappy with it than they ever have been before
- unhappy with performance of democracy, but not democracy itself (32-33)
- left vote is strongly correlated with anti-American sentiment (33)
- No region-wide leftward trend (35)
- voters did increasingly identify as left in Chile, El Salvador, Hoduras, Nicaragua, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela
- Even after left came to power, roughly 75% of respondents in the region believe distribution of wealth was unfair (36-37)
- Democracy:
- everyone unhappy with performance of democracy
- though even that score has decreased slightly, it's still high (38)
- mostly people are unhappy with the institutions as they exist (40)
- generally LAs Ok with democracy as a form of government, but this is often based on incumbent performance (43)
- most Latin Americans seem tot define democracy along liberal-type lines, not populist lines (Mexico is a notable exception) (45)
- Conclusion: Left turn is a bit of a misnomer, as because surveys do not show mass ideological shifts to the left among LA voters
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