Caraway T.L. 2012. "Pathways of dominance and displacement the varying fates of legacy unions in new democracies". World Politics. 64 (2): 278-305.
- the most important element of the transition context is the widespread mobilization of workers outside of state-sponsored unions early in the transition (279)
- compares exclusionary corporatist (South Korea and Indonesia) and transmission belt (Russia and Poland) unions
- not a path dependent argument, but a historical-institutionalist argument:
- institutions shape the political context without being the sole cause, and
- entrenched institutions are hard to dislodge
- new unions that acquired a substantial membership quickly could compete with legacy unions
- In Russian example, legacy union still organizes 95% of workforce
- new unions can overcome legacy unions
- attrition pathway: need a good start, new unions slowly make up ground over time
- rupture pathway: state smashes corporate model, legacy unions weakened before transition, new unions on more even footing
- BUT competition between new and legacy unions not enough to break power of legacy unions
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